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Flea Killers - Commercial Chemicals

FLEAS are showing up, I found the first one in February this year.

Before you jump on the pesticide wagon, lets talk about this a little bit.

Always Remember "CIDE" in the word means kill!

"Pesticides can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment because they are designed to kill or otherwise adversely affect living organisms."

Types of Pesticides

• Organophosphate Pesticides
• Carbamate Pesticides
• Organochlorine Insecticides
• Pyrethroid Pesticides
  

Recognition 
and 
Management of Pesticide Poisonings

Safer against fleas

Know What You Are Using

• Acaricide - " chemical pesticides that kill members of the arachnid group (ticks & mites.)"
• Fungicide - "Chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill or inhibit fungi or spores."
• Herbicide - "weedkillers, pesticides used to kill unwanted plants."
• Insecticide - "A chemical substance used to kill insects."
• Larvicide - "An insecticide used specifically to kill larva."
• Miticide - "An agent that kills mites."
• Molluscicide - "A chemical known as snail baits & snail pellets."
• Nematicide - "A chemical pesticide used to kill parasitic nematode."
• Ovicide - "A chemical agent that kills eggs, especially the eggs of insects."
• Rodenticide - "A chemical intended to kill rodents."
• Tyrannicide - "The killing of a tyrant, an assassination of tyrants for the common good."

Others

• Desiccant - "A substance that absorbs water and is used to remove moisture; a drying agent
• Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) "a chemical that inhibits the life cycle of an insect."

Organophosphate Insecticides

Organophosphate Insecticides

More than 40  Organophospate Insecticides are currently registerd for use and all run the risk of acute and subacute toxicity.

Organophosphate poisoning signs & symptoms

Causes sensory and behavioral disturbances
* Incoordination
Depressed motor function, and respiratory depression.
Increased pulmonary secretions coupled with respiratory failure are the usual causes of death from organiphosphate poisoning.
Recovery depends ultimately on generation of new enzyme in all critical tissues.

Early symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

headache, nausea, dizziness, and hypersecretion, manifested  by sweating, salivation, lacrimation, andrhinorrhea.
Muscle twitching, weakness, tremor, incoordination, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, all signal worseing of the poisoned state.
Blurred and/or dark vision.
Anxiety and restlessness.
Depression, memory loss, and confusion or bizarre behavior, has been misdiagnosed as alcohol intoxication.

CHILDREN
Seizures and mental status changes, includinglethargy and coma.
Flaccid muscle weakness, moisis, and excessive salivation.

How Organophospates work

They inhibit cholinesterase.  Because they share this mechanism, exposure to the same organophosphate by multiple routes or to multiple organophosphates by multipel routs can lead to serious additive toxicity.

Organophosphate Toxicology

Organophosphates poison insects and mammals primarily by phosphorylation of the acetylcholinestrease enzyme (AChE) at nerve endings.
The result is a loss of available AChE so that the effector organ becomes overstimulated by the excess acetylcholine (ACh, the impulse-transmitting substance) in the nerve ending.

The enzyme is critical to normal control of nerve impulse transmission from nerve fibers to smooth and skeletal muscle cell, glandular cells, and autonomic ganglia, as well as within the centeal nervous system (CNS).

Some critical proportion of the tissue enzymee mass must be inactivated by phosphorylation before symptoms and signs of poisonging become manifest.

Organophosphate poisoning routes

Inhalation, ingestion, and skin penetration.

Carbamate Insecticides

Carbamate Insecticides

Inhibit cholinestrase enzymes

Biological Insecticides

Biological - Azadirachtin

Insecticide derived from the Neem tree (Azadirachta indtca).
Insect growth regulator that interferes with the molting hormone ecdysone.

Biological - Pyrethrum & Pyrethrins

Oleoresin extract fo dried chrysanthemum flowers.
Used mainly for indoor pest control.
Pyrethrum  - used mainly for indoor pest control, due ti its' light and heat instabilityes.

Brands & Agents

Advantage

Cyphenothrin

Frontline

Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc.

Sergeant's Cyphenothrin Squeeze-On for Dogs
Sergeant's Silver Flea and Tick Squeeze-On for Dogs
Sergeant's Silver Squeeze-On for Dogs
Sentry SFC Squeeze-On ofr Dogs
Sentry XFC Flea and Tick Squeeze-On for Dogs

amitraz & metaflumizone

cyphenothrin

cyphenothrin & pyriproxyfen

d-Limonene & Emersol 6434 & Cocamide Dea

           Farman Companies, Inc.

Adams D-Limonene Flea and Tick Shampoo

dinotefurna & pyriproxyfen - dogs & cats

            Summit Vetpharm, LLC

Vectra for cats
Vectra for Cats and Kittens
Vectra Plus for Cats
Vectra Plus for Cats and Kittesn
Vectra Excel
Vectra Gold

etofenprox & pyriproxyfen - cats

etofenprox & S-Methoprene - cats

fipronil - dogs & cats

            Merial Limited

Frontline Top Spot in Cats

fipronil & S-Methoprene - dogs & cats

imidacloprid - dogs & cats

metaflumizone - cats

permethrin & dinotefuran

permethrin & imidacloprid

Permethrin & Pyriproxyfen

Permethrin & Pyrethrins & pyrethroids & Piperonyl butoxide

            Farnam Companies, Inc.

            Farnam Products

Flea Halt W/B Flea & Tick Spray Plus Citronella Scent
Zodiac Spot On Plus Flea & Tick Control for Cats
Zodiac Spot On Plus Flea & Tick Control for Cats & Kittens
Zodiac Multi-Cat Spon On Plus Flea & Tick Control for Cats

Sergeants Pet Care Products, Inc.

Sergeant's Gold Squeeze-On for Dogs
Sentry Pro Squeeze-On for Dogs and Puppies
Sentry Pro Squeeze-on for Dogs
Sergeant's Gold Squeeze-On ofr Dogs and Puppies
Sergeant's PreTect squeeze-On for Dogs
Sergeant's Squeeze-On Flea, Tick and Mosquito Control for Dogs
Sergent's Squeeze-On for Dogs and Puppies
Sergeant's SEVEN Way Squeeze-On Protection for Dogs

permethrin & S-methoprene

            Wellmark

phenothrin

S-methoprene - dogs & cats

phenothrin & S-methoprene

            Hartz

Control On-Spot for Cats
UltraGuard One Spot

Wellmark

Zodiac Spot on Flea control for Cats and Kittens

Dinotefuran & Permethrin & Pyriproxyfen

Summit Vetpharm, LLC

Vectra 3D for Dogs and Puppies
Vectra for Dogs
(the words "Vectra 3D" may be replaced with "Vectra Gold, or "Vectra Trio", according to the label amendment

Phenothrin

The Hartz Mountain Corporation

Hartz UltraGuard Flea & Tick Drops for Dogs & Puppies

Phenothrin & (s)-Methoprene

The Hartz Mountain Corporation

Hartz Advanced CAre Brand Flea & Tick Drops Plus = for Dogs and Puppies
Hartz Advanced Care 4 in 1 Flea & Tick Drops Plus + for Dogs and Puppies
Hartz Advanced Care 5 in 1 Flea & Tick Drops Plus + for Dogs and Puppies
Hartz UltraGuard plus Drops for Dogs and Puppies
Pet Principles by Hartz Flea & Tick Drops for Dogs and Puppies

Permethrin

Adams - Spot On Flea & Tick Control for Puppies, Toys & Minatures Under 15 #

Known to Cause...Is it on the Known Toxicant List?

Recognized Developmental Toxicant

• birth defects
• low birth weight
• biological dysfunctions
• psychological or behavioral deficits
• death of fetus
• severe brain damage
• spontaneous abortion
• SIDS

Suspected Developmental Toxicant

Suspected Endocrine Toxicant

hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, reproductive disorders, adn cancer.
being studied for their possible role in promoting hormone induced cances (such as breast cancer) and in lowering sperm counts and maile fertility.

Recognized Reproductive Toxicant

• changes in sexual behavior
• onset of puberty
• cyclicity
• fertility
• gestation time
• pregnancy outcome
• lactation
• premature menopause
• increase infertility

Suspected Reproductive Toxicant

Suspected Kidney Toxicant

• chronic changes that can lead to end-stage renal failure or cancer

Recognized Carcinogen

Known to cause cancer

Suspected Gastrointestinal  
or 
Liver Toxicant

• anorexia
• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal cramps
• diarrhea
• liver cell death
• cirrhosis of the liver

Suspected Neurotoxicant

• confusion
• fatigue
• irritability
• behavioral changes
• degenerative diseases of brain
• motor impulses
• weakness in lower limbs
• tingling in limbs
• loss of coordination

Suspected Cardiovascular Toxicant

• elevated blood pressure
• hardening of arteries
• abnormal heartbeat
• decreased blood flow to heart

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